science and technology

Processor is part of the computer who is managing all activity of computer, in human maybe this like a brain. Abbreviation for central processing unit, and pronounced as separate letters. The CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the central processor,but more commonly called processor, the CPU is where most calculations take place. In terms of computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a computer system.
On large machines, CPUs require one or more printed circuit boards. On personal computers and small workstations, the CPU is housed in a single chip called a microprocessor. Since the 1970's the microprocessor class of CPUs has almost completely overtaken all other CPU implementations.

The CPU itself is an internal component of the computer. Modern CPUs are small and square and contain multiple metallic connectors or pins on the underside. The CPU is inserted directly into a CPU socket, pin side down, on the motherboard. Each motherboard will support only a specific type or range of CPU so you must check the motherboard manufacturer's specifications before attempting to replace or upgrade a CPU. Modern CPUs also have an attached heat sink and small fan that go directly on top of the CPU to help dissipate heat.

Two typical components of a CPU are the following:

* The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations.
* The control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.


Mainboard
The main circuit board of a microcomputer interfaces, . The motherboard contains the connectors for attaching additional boards. Typically, the motherboard contains the CPU, BIOS, memory, mass storageserial and parallel ports, expansion slots, and all the controllers required to control standard peripheral devices, such as the display screen, keyboard, and disk drive. Collectively, all these chips that reside on the motherboard are known as the motherboard's chipset. On most PCs, it is possible to add memory chips directly to the motherboard. You may also be able to upgrade to a faster PC by replacing the CPU chip. To add additional core features, you may need to replace the motherboard entirely.


Memory/Storage
Memory is the internal storage areas in the computer. The term identifies data storage that comes in the form of chips, and the word storage is used for the memory that exists on tapes or disks. Moreover, the term memory is usually used as shorthand for physical memory, which refers to the actual chips capable of holding data. Therefore, memory is both hardware and software.


Read-Only Memory (ROM)
ROM is computer memory on which data has been prerecorded. Once data has been written on a ROM chip, it cannot be removed and can only be read. ROM retains its contents even when the computer is turned off. ROM is referred to as being nonvolatile. Most personal computers contain a small amount of ROM that stores critical programs such as the program that boots the computer. In addition, ROM is used extensively in calculators and peripheral devices such as laser printers, whose fonts are often stored in ROM.


Random-Access Memory (RAM)
RAM is a type of memory that can be accessed randomly and is the most common type of memory found in computers and other devices, such as printers. Also called the main memory.





VGA Card
Abbreviation of video graphics array, a graphics display system for PCs developed by IBM. VGA has become one of the de facto standards for PCs. In text mode, VGA systems provide a resolution of 720 by 400 pixels. In graphics mode, the resolution is either 640 by 480 (with 16 colors) or 320 by 200 (with 256 colors). The total palette of colors is 262,144.
Unlike earlier graphics standards for PCs -- MDA, CGA, and EGA -- VGA uses analog signals rather than digital signals. Consequently, a monitor designed for one of the older standards will not be able to use VGA.
Since its introduction in 1987, several other standards have been developed that offer greater resolution and more colors (see SVGA , 8514/A graphics standard, and XGA), but VGA remains the lowest common denominator. All PCs made today support VGA, and possibly some other more advanced standard.

Sources: www.webopedia.com, en.wikipedia.org, www.npl.lib.va.us